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<title>GridPad</title>

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</style><table class="infobox hproduct vevent"><caption class="infobox-title fn summary">GridPad</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="infobox-caption">GRiDPad 2260 in tablet mode</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap">Also known as</span></th><td class="infobox-data">GRiD PalmPad (235# models)<br> GRiD Convertible (22#0 models)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Developer</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Grid_Systems" title="Grid Systems">Grid Systems Corporation</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Tablet_computer" title="Tablet computer">Tablet computer</a><br>or <a href="2-in-1_PC" class="mw-redirect" title="2-in-1 PC">2-in-1 PC</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Release date</th><td class="infobox-data">sep 1989<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">sep 1989</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Discontinued</th><td class="infobox-data">1994</td></tr></tbody></table>

<p>The <b>GridPad</b> (stylized as <b>GRiDPad</b>) is a discontinued family of <a href="Pen_computing" title="Pen computing">pen-enabled</a> <a href="Tablet_computer" title="Tablet computer">tablet computers</a> and <a href="Hybrid_laptop" class="mw-redirect" title="Hybrid laptop">hybrid laptops</a> built by <a href="Grid_Systems" title="Grid Systems">Grid Systems Corporation</a>.

</p><p>The GRiDPad 1900, released in 1989, is regarded as the first commercially successful tablet computer and predecessor to modern <a href="2-in-1_laptop" title="2-in-1 laptop">2-in-1 devices</a>. <a href="Jeff_Hawkins" title="Jeff Hawkins">Jeff Hawkins</a> went on to use the GRiDPad as a predecessor for his best known-invention, the <a href="Palm_Pilot" class="mw-redirect" title="Palm Pilot">Palm Pilot</a>.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Specifications">Specifications</h2></div>

<p>The GRiDPad 1900 measured 9 by 12 by 1.4 inches (229 mm × 305 mm × 36 mm) and weighed 4.5 pounds (2.0 kg).<sup id="cite_ref-PCM_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PCM-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The main distinguishing aspect was its <a href="Touchscreen" title="Touchscreen">touchscreen</a> interface with a <a href="Stylus" title="Stylus">stylus</a>, a pen-like tool to aid with precision in a touchscreen device. The stylus was able to use <a href="Handwriting_recognition" title="Handwriting recognition">handwriting-recognition</a> software. The GRiDPad also included these features:<sup id="cite_ref-PCM_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PCM-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<ul><li>10 MHz <a href="80C86" class="mw-redirect" title="80C86">80C86</a> processor</li>

<li><a href="MS-DOS" title="MS-DOS">MS-DOS</a> <a href="Operating_system" title="Operating system">operating system</a> – the popular operating system used by <a href="IBM_PC-compatible" class="mw-redirect" title="IBM PC-compatible">IBM PC-compatible</a> personal computers</li>

<li>A monochromatic <a href="Color_Graphics_Adapter" title="Color Graphics Adapter">Color Graphics Adapter</a> (CGA) display resolution of 640x400</li>

<li>256KB or 512KB battery-backed <a href="RAM" class="mw-redirect" title="RAM">RAM</a> cards</li>

<li>1MB or 2MB of system memory</li>

<li>One <a href="Serial_port" title="Serial port">serial port</a>, two ATA-FLASH slots, and an expansion bus connector</li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Models">Models</h2></div>

<th>Device</th>

<th>Model No.</th>

<th>Processor</th>

<th>Memory</th>

<th>Storage</th>

<th>Display</th>

<th>Software</th>

<th>Weight & dimensions</th>

<th>Introduced</th>

<th>Notes

</th></tr>

<tr>

<td>GridPad</td>

<td><a href="Intel_8086" title="Intel 8086">Intel 8086</a> (10 MHz)</td>

<td><a href="PCMCIA" title="PCMCIA">PCMCIA</a></td>

<td>MSDOS 3.3, GridPen</td>

<td>1st tablet

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>GridPad HD/RC</td>

<td>1–2 PCMCIA; 20 MB HDD option</td>

<td>10", 640 × 400 B&W backlit</td>

<td>MSDOS 3.3, GridPen</td>

<td>20MB HDD on HD; RC has 2 PCMCIA and wireless option

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>PalmPad</td>

<td>PCMCIA</td>

<td>6.5", 640 × 400 B&W backlit</td>

<td>MSDOS 5.0, PenRight</td>

<td>1st Wearable; Wireless 902-928 MHz <a href="Spread_spectrum" title="Spread spectrum">spread spectrum</a> radio on 2352

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>GridPad SL</td>

<td><a href="Intel_80386" class="mw-redirect" title="Intel 80386">Intel 80386</a> (20 MHz)</td>

<td>40–120 MB HDD; PCMCIA</td>

<td>10", VGA, 32 greyscale</td>

<td><a href="Windows_for_Pen_Computing" title="Windows for Pen Computing">Windows 3.1 for Pen</a>, PenRight</td>

<td>Licensed variation of <a href="Samsung" title="Samsung">Samsung</a> Penmaster

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>GridPad Convertible</td>

<td>80–120 MB HDD; PCMCIA</td>

<td>9.5", VGA, 64 greyscale</td>

<td>Windows 3.1 for Pen, PenRight</td>

<td>1st Convertible; Screen moves up to reveal full keyboard; Also sold as AST PenExec 3/25SL and 4/25SL

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>GridPad</td>

<td>7.5-MHz <a href="8088" class="mw-redirect" title="8088">8088</a>-compatible CPU</td>

<td>PCMCIA</td>

<td>MSDOS 3.3, <a href="GEOS_(16-bit_operating_system)" title="GEOS (16-bit operating system)">GEOS</a> 2.0, PenRight</td>

<td><a href="Casio" title="Casio">Casio</a> Zoomer/ Z-7000, XL7000, <a href="Tandy_Corporation" title="Tandy Corporation">Tandy</a> Z-PDA and AST Gridpad 2390

</td></tr></tbody></table>

<p>Because of its use for inventory management, the <a href="United_States_Army" title="United States Army">United States Army</a> specified more durable versions of the tablet made out of <a href="Magnesium" title="Magnesium">magnesium</a> that were not sold to the general public. The US Army specially ordered magnesium because it is a strong yet light metal, making it ideal for use in demanding environments.<sup id="cite_ref-CH_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CH-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-show_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-show-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>According to a patent submitted in 1992 by an engineer at GRiD Systems, the touchscreen in the GRiDPad works by magnifying an internal <a href="Cartesian_plane" class="mw-redirect" title="Cartesian plane">Cartesian plane</a> and calculating the displacement.<sup id="cite_ref-USAPAT_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USAPAT-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Further patents by Jeff Hawkins describe flipping the screen orientation between landscape and portrait.<sup id="cite_ref-ROTATEPAT_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ROTATEPAT-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reception">Reception</h2></div>

<p>Because of its text-recognition interface, the GRiDPad was marketed toward specialist consumers who would use the tablet for bookkeeping. The GRiDPad was "designed to streamline the chores of workers such as route delivery drivers and claims adjusters, who typically recorded data on paper forms."<sup id="cite_ref-gp_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gp-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some of the agencies that used the GRiDPad included <a href="Chrysler" title="Chrysler">Chrysler</a>, <a href="San_Jose_Police_Department" title="San Jose Police Department">San Jose Police Department</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-SJ_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SJ-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and even the <a href="US_Government" class="mw-redirect" title="US Government">US Government</a>. The first commercial customer to use the GRiDPad and who contributed to the overall requirements was Best Foods Baking Group, a division of <a href="CPC_International" class="mw-redirect" title="CPC International">CPC International</a>.

</p><p>The average selling price for one unit was US$2,370 without software, and $3,000 with software.<sup id="cite_ref-PCM_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PCM-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-show_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-show-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was so successful that it sold approximately $30 million in its best year.<sup id="cite_ref-SHURA_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SHURA-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2></div>

<p>Although the GriDPad had the same operating system as personal computers, it was not designed to be a replacement for computers. Hawkins once said, "I never saw pen computers as a replacement for a full PC..."<sup id="cite_ref-SHURA_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SHURA-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although it did not replace computers, it did pave the way for other companies to invest more into tablet computers.

</p><p>Not only did the GRiDPad start paving the way for tablet computers, it also helped propel Jeff Hawkins' career. Hawkins used the same stylus technology to develop his most commercially successful product, the Palm Pilot, making the GRiDPad its predecessor.

</p>

<ul><li><a href="GridCase" title="GridCase">GridCase</a></li>

<li><a href="PenPoint_OS" title="PenPoint OS">PenPoint OS</a></li>

<li><a href="Linus_Write-Top" title="Linus Write-Top">Linus Write-Top</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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</style><cite id="CITEREFBarnett" class="citation web cs1">Barnett, Shawn. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pencomputing.com/palm/Pen33/hawkins2.html">"Jeff Hawkin"</a>. <i>The man who almost single-highhandedly revived the handheld computer industry</i>. Pen Computing Magazine.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-CH-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CH_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFUnknown" class="citation web cs1">Unknown. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120605085743/http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/det/6565/GRidPad-1910/">"GRidPad 1910"</a>. Computing History. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/det/6565/GRidPad-1910/">the original</a> on 2012-06-05<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-02-14</span></span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-show-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-show_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-show_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFMcCracken" class="citation web cs1">McCracken, Harry. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pcworld.com/article/188223/the_long_fail_a_brief_history_of_unsuccessful_tablet_computers.html">"The Long Fail: A Brief History of Unsuccessful Tablet Computers"</a>. PCWorld.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-USAPAT-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-USAPAT_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFLiou" class="citation web cs1">Liou, Kwang-Wan. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://patents.google.com/patent/US5086197">"Optical Encoding Methods and Device"</a>. United States Patent<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 February</span> 2012</span>.</cite></span>

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<cite id="CITEREFHawkins" class="citation web cs1">Hawkins, Jeff. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://users.erols.com/rwservices/pens/biblio93.html#HawkinsJC91a">"Display Output Rotation"</a>. United States Patent<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 July</span> 2013</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-gp-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-gp_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFDaly" class="citation web cs1">Daly, J. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130721223658/http://md1.csa.com/partners/viewrecord.php?requester=gs&collection=TRD&recid=2106843CI&q=gridpad&uid=791465694&setcookie=yes">"Grid portable writes a new script"</a>. COMPUTER WORLD. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://md1.csa.com/partners/viewrecord.php?requester=gs&collection=TRD&recid=2106843CI&q=gridpad&uid=791465694&setcookie=yes">the original</a> on 2013-07-21.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-SJ-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SJ_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFDaly" class="citation web cs1">Daly, J. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130721215327/http://md1.csa.com/partners/viewrecord.php?requester=gs&collection=TRD&recid=2398614CI&q=gridpad&uid=791465694&setcookie=yes">"San Jose police first to use Gridpad"</a>. COMPUTER WORLD. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://md1.csa.com/partners/viewrecord.php?requester=gs&collection=TRD&recid=2398614CI&q=gridpad&uid=791465694&setcookie=yes">the original</a> on 2013-07-21.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-SHURA-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SHURA_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SHURA_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFAtkinson2008" class="citation journal cs1">Atkinson, P (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://shura.shu.ac.uk/969/">"A bitter pill to swallow: the rise and fall of the tablet computer"</a>. <i>Sheffield Hallam University Research Archive</i>. <b>24</b> (4): <span class="nowrap">3–</span>25. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1162%2Fdesi.2008.24.4.3">10.1162/desi.2008.24.4.3</a></span>. <a href="S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:34407951">34407951</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 February</span> 2012</span>.</cite></span>

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</style><div id="Grid_Systems96" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Grid_Systems" title="Grid Systems">Grid Systems</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>

<ul><li><a href="Grid_Systems_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Grid Systems Corporation">Grid Systems Corporation</a></li>

<li><a href="Grid_Defence_Systems" class="mw-redirect" title="Grid Defence Systems">Grid Defence Systems</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Key people</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="John_Ellenby" title="John Ellenby">John Ellenby</a> (founder)</li>

<li><a href="Bill_Moggridge" title="Bill Moggridge">Bill Moggridge</a> (designer)</li></ul>

</div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hardware</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Grid_Compass" title="Grid Compass">Grid Compass</a></li>

<li><a href="GridCase" title="GridCase">GridCase</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2025-05-09" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=GridPad&oldid=1289652462">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

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